The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.